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25.05.2015 Cultural values ​​are the main reason why many tourists eagerly and often look into the picturesque areas of the commune. Monuments and curiosities of the commune In the Łapanów commune we will find many monuments and curiosities that deserve special attention. Some of them are hardly appreciated, while others are more famous, each of them is worth seeing. Tourists should know that the Łapanów commune hides pearls and secrets that are worth discovering. A place that deserves special attention is the stronghold located in the village of Chrostowa. It is located on a hill with a height of 274.5 m a.s.l. bearing the name Zamczysko. Currently, these are only the remains of a magnificent medieval stronghold, damaged embankments and stone walls. The castle was discovered around 1923, and the first study was conducted by Jan Włodek, when he came across heavily damaged bones and fragments of clay vessels. Probably in the 13th century there was a small settlement with great defensive conditions. Unfortunately, there is no information about the first owners of the castle. We only know that in the 16th century the heirs of that stronghold were Wielogłowski. This place is shrouded in mystery, legends circulate about it. One of them says that underground passages lead to this city to Wieruszyce, Wiśnicz as well as Melsztyn1. One of the biggest attractions of the Łapanów Commune, but certainly not very famous is the fortified manor house in Wieruszyce. Unfortunately, it has not been completely preserved to our times. Only a fragment of it stands there, partly restored. The best preserved part is the northern part, with first-floor walls and a tower. The construction of this manor began in the 15th century, when it was in the possession of the Szreniawit-Wieruski family. This building was typically defensive. It was built of stones. In the second phase, a Gothic tower was added with a fortified tower. The next owner of the castle was Ferdynand Meysner, captain of the Kingdom of Poland, and then the Padlewski family. In 1945, after the land reform, the castle was nationalized. In 1970, with the participation of the State Monument Protection Service in Kraków, the manor house was rebuilt and restored for recreational and tourist purposes2. Castle in Wieruszyce. Buildings belonging to the castle in Wieruszyce. The most interesting attractions of the commune include the manor house in Grabie. Following the direction of Raciechowice, about 500 meters from the bridge in Grabie there are remains of a court building. It dates from the first half of the nineteenth century, and it was rebuilt several times. Currently, it no longer resembles that of its heyday. It is now a brick, rectangular, two-bay building. From the entrance there is a porch on the columns, and from the garden side a hollow portico. The owners of this property and the entire village of Grabie were the Uznański families. However, in 1986 this building belonged to up to 5 families3. The Łapanów commune also abounds in religious monuments. The best example of this is the 16th-century Church of Saint Bartholomew in Łapanów. This monument belongs to the Wooden Architecture Trail. This church was probably founded by Mikołaj Łapa in 1529. It is a wooden temple with a log construction, oriented4. On the saddle roof there is a baroque turret with a turret. This church has one nave, with a presbytery closed on three sides, a sacristy and a rectangular chapel covered with a dome. The interior of the church is decorated with a polychrome from 1843 made by Mecner and Wojciechowski. The real pearl is the main altar made in the late Baroque style, from 1873. It was probably made by Piotr Kornecki from Bochnia. This altar presents a picture of the Virgin Mary with the Child. The oldest monument is an early Gothic baptismal font from the fourteenth century, taking the chalice form. The most valuable monuments also include the collector's bench from the 19th century, the pulpit with its appearance referring to the late Baroque period. On the other hand, one of the oldest monuments of the church is a stone, early Gothic baptismal font, which probably dates from the fourteenth century. The renovated Baroque monstrance from the 17th-18th centuries and 3 embroidered chasubles are also noteworthy. There are epitaphs on the outer walls. The first was made in honor of the late Marcin Łapa from Łapanów, the Fellowship coat of arms. It depicts a relief of a deceased knight kneeling before a crucifix. Under the bas-relief there is a damaged and difficult to read inscription starting with the words: DOMGenerosus Ac Magnific Martin De Lapanow LapkaAnimam Corpus MeritavitamSpem Salutis Defero Ante Dei Tribunal Spiritum CommendoChristo Jesu Et Sactissime Virgini MatriVixi ... pole construction. It was built on a square plan, covered with a tent, shingle roof. A 14th-century bell with an inscription made of Gothic minuscule was placed inside it. This church has been renovated many times. The last renovation began in 2005. One of the fruits of this renovation was the discovery of a crypt from 1614 under the church. There were 22 skulls and bones of people buried there. However, it is not certain who the dead were buried. However, there is a presumption that here are the remains of the heir of Łapanów-Marcin Lutosławski, his family, as well as the local parish priests7. Church Saint Bartholomew in Łapanów with the belfry. Another of the sacred monuments is the sixteenth-century church of All Saints in Sobolowo. It is a wooden temple, with a log construction, boarded, located on a small hill8. It was dedicated in 1594. The construction of the temple dates back to 14329. This church is low, which makes it very easy to heat it, and also gives the place a unique atmosphere and atmosphere. The main altar dates from the early nineteenth century, is in the late Baroque style. It presents a picture of the Mother of God and the Child from the beginning of the 17th century. The whole church looks extremely impressive. Particularly noteworthy are the organs with a Baroque facade located in the choir. The beautiful polychrome gives this church a charm. There are figures of apostles, four cardinal virtues with inscriptions and their attributes. In addition to them, we see Eucharistic and Marian symbols on the walls. The entire wall is green, while the ceilings are blue and gold. The oldest monument in the interior of the church is the Crucifixion painting from 1583. Here we see Christ on the cross between the villains and at the feet of Mary surrounded by Saint. John and women, centurion on horseback, soldiers and Jews. In the background, however, one can see the outline of Jerusalem, which in this picture resembles a more medieval city. In addition, there are also three bells, one Gothic from 1510 and two cast in 196010. Church All Saints in Sobolów The last of the three pearls belonging to the sacred monuments is the sixteenth-century brick church dedicated to the Visitation of the Virgin Mary in Tarnawa. The present church dates from the nineteenth century and probably stands in place of the old11. Originally a wooden church from 1440 stood on a hill in Tarnów. Unfortunately, it has not survived to the present day. In 1560, the owner of Tarnawa converted the church into a Calvinist church. After his death, the church was consecrated again in 1628. In 1803 a stone temple stood in its place. This church is one-nave, has a polygonal presbytery, closed. The main altar in the baroque style dates from the nineteenth century. The oldest monument in the temple is the 16th-century Gothic-Renaissance baptismal font and a bas-relief of Stanisław Lubomirski. One of the more valuable monuments is a picture of Santa Claus depicting a miracle at sea. Next to the church there is a stone belfry with three bells12. Church Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Tarnawa Łapanów commune is also famous for the unusual place which is the Historic Park with the court buildings from the 19th century in Dąbrowica. The first historical mention of Dąbrowica dates back to 1330. At that time, Jaszko Brunowice, the heir of Sobolów, was the owner of the estate. It is also known that the park and large landed estates belonged to General Jan Henryk Dąbrowski, from whom the name of the Dąbrowica estate is to be derived. The last owner was Jan Zdzisław Włodek - the Sulima coat of arms, professor at the Faculty of Agriculture of the Jagiellonian University. An interesting fact may be that for some time the tenant of Dąbrowica was Franciszek Poniatowski - grandfather of the last King of Poland, Stanisław August. Perhaps, therefore, the father of King Stanisław could have been born in this town. After the war in 1945, in accordance with the land reform, the state took over the property and an agricultural school was established there, whose patron is the last owner of the property13. A beautiful park with extremely rare species of trees and shrubs and a school building - a former manor house, very well maintained and cared for are a showcase of the school and certainly an interesting tourist attraction14. Historic Park in Dąbrowica Manor in Dąbrowica Another attraction is the historic park with the court in Zbydniów. It is located on a hill among a picturesque park, at the very edge of the village, where lindens and oaks grow15. Over the centuries, the court changed its owners several times: they were the families of Wieruski, Gaboński, Gąsiorowski and Sadowski. The current owners of the manor and most of the park are the Laskowski, who are successively trying to carry out renovation works outside and conservation works in the park. This involves, among others, securing old trees as well as forming beautiful hornbeam alleys, an ideal place for romantic walks and walks16. Also in Tarnawa we can visit an extremely charming place which is the historic Park with Elements of the Courtyard. Particularly noteworthy is the beautiful stone gate, located at the entrance to the estate, whose age, as well as the entire court is estimated at about 300 years. This gate encourages visitors to go further through the picturesque corners of the park, among rich vegetation17. Gate in Tarnawa Certainly a great attraction for visitors is located in the very center of Łapanów, on the market pedunculate oak with a circumference of 320 cm and a height of 22 m, which was called the "Oak of Freedom" It was planted in 1928 on the 10th anniversary of regaining independence18. Freedom Oak at the market square in Łapanów. View of the Freedom Oak is also worth visiting the mound in Boczów. It is a great mystery to many. The perimeter of the mound is 155 m at the bottom, 56 m at the top and 15m in height. In the past, there were ponds around the mound that were fed with water from a nearby source. Today, however, they are partly buried with earth from the mound, which is why it is slightly flattened from the north. Only the pond from the eastern side of the mound has survived. Initially, at the time of the then owner of Dydyński, the mound was carefully maintained. Paths led to its summit, and at its peak was a hollow surrounded by a hornbeam hedge. On hot days it was the perfect place to protect from the sun. They were called "the temple of pride" at the time. The next owners, the Łapczyński, witnessed a metal coffin excavated from the mound in 1856, which was immediately buried back. After 30 years, when the ponds were being filled up, the owners of the time found old money bearing the image of Friedrich Wilhelm, who donated the Czartoryski Museum in Kraków. Even before the outbreak of World War II, a conservator came to the Łapczyński family to obtain permission to dig the mound. Unfortunately, the outbreak of war hindered research and to this day remains a mystery what secrets this mound hides19. In the footsteps of memory. Traversing the picturesque forests, fields and meadows of Łapanów, not everyone is aware of the fact that here at the turn of 1914/1915 the key struggle of the tsarist Russian troops with central states, i.e. the Austro-Hungarian and Imperial Monarchies, took place here at the turn of 1914/1915. Of Germany during World War I. These events were called the Łapanów-Limanowa operation. Often strolling through the forest thicket, we can come across old cemeteries and crosses commemorating the fallen. Few people are aware that many of those resting in these forests belong to Asian and European nationalities. They are, among others, Germany, Austrians, Hungarians, Croats, Serbs, Slovenes, Slovaks, Czechs, Poles, Ukrainians, Bulgarians, Italians, Montenegrins, Romanians, while soldiers of the tsarist army come from the entire vast empire, including the far ends of Asia. A trip in the footsteps of the fallen is an ideal solution for adventure lovers. It is also an opportunity to visit the charming areas around Łapanów20. There are 4 cemeteries in the commune in: Łapanów (No. 432), Sobolów (No. 341 and 339), Kępanów (No. 343) and Tarnawa (No. 334). In the interwar period, these cemeteries were cared for, after World War II, unfortunately, they were condemned to oblivion21. On one of the war cemeteries on the tombstone there is a text that best reflects the specificity and seriousness of these places: You have fallen for the Fatherland in battle, an enemy or friend - having done your work united in this land of peace, both decorate the laurel wreath ... 22 Only in the 1980s Some of them were restored in the 20th century. It happened due to, among others the then priest of the parish in Sobolów, priest Stanisław Bobulski23. It is worth emphasizing here that the propagator of the idea of ​​visiting cemeteries of World War I is the Tarnów branch of PTTK, which is the originator of the "Trail of Military Cemeteries of World War I" badge, whose purpose is primarily to awaken interest among the participants in the history of 20th century Poland, as well as to encourage wide circles of children, young people and adults for hiking, lowland, mountain and cycling 24. Roadside crosses, monuments and chapels In the commune, apart from larger historic buildings, there are also smaller, but equally interesting roadside crosses, monuments and chapels. In Łapanów we can see a monument that is to commemorate the events of 1932, namely bloody riots between the surrounding peasants and the police. In Brzezowa there is a monument from 1946. Attention is also drawn to chapels and crosses scattered throughout the commune, which are mostly a thank you for being saved from an accident. Some also commemorate the mass graves of those who died of infectious diseases25. The monument in Brzezowa Rajdowiec Janusz Kulig a showcase of the commune. When writing about those who died in the commune, it is impossible not to mention Janusz Kulig. I will try to briefly introduce the figure of a man who certainly contributed to its promotion. He became her kind of business card, an icon. Janusz Kulig was born on October 19, 1969 in Łapanów, and died on February 13, 2004 in Rzezawa, as a result of a traffic accident at a railroad crossing due to a collision of his car with an oncoming fast train. He was a great rally driver, three-time Polish champion (1997, 2000, 2001), two-time Polish runner-up (1998,1999), as well as European runner-up (2002), two-time Central European champion (1998, 1999), and Slovakian champion from 2002. In addition, he competed in World Championship rallies, where he was also successful26. His exploits are certainly remembered by car rally fans, loyal supporters who come to Łapanów only to worship their master on his grave at the Cemetery in Łapanów. The conversation with Janusz's father and the current head of the Łapanów Commune, Mr. Jan Kulig, shows that most people come during All Saints' Day. Then on Janusz's grave we can see hundreds of letters, thanks, poems, photos and drawings from those who have not forgotten about Him, for whom he is still very important27. It is also worth mentioning that since 19 October Janusz Kulig is the patron of the Junior High School in Łapanów28. It should also be emphasized that Janusz Kulig has certainly become the reason why tourists from all over Poland and the world come to Łapanów. It also makes them get to know the commune, its cultural and natural values. The grave of Janusz Kulig (source: www.lapanow.pl) 1 Paweł Sotoła, 'Łapanów and its surroundings. An Outline of History "Łapanów 2002, pp. 215-216 after: A. Jodłowski," Gródek medieval in Chrostowa ", [in:" Archaeological Report ", T. XXVI, 1974, p. 317 et seq. 2 P. Sotoła, Ibid, pp. 217-220 3 P. Sotoła Ibid, pp. 221-222 4 Folder of the Łapanów Commune Office, 'Łapanów Commune', Łapanów 2010, p. 1 5 P. Sotoła, Ibid, p. 224-225 6 Tourist Publisher, "Following Polish Christian traditions. Łapanów. St. parish Bartłomieja ”, Kraków 2006, p. 21 7 Op. Cit. p. 15 8 Folder of the Łapanów Commune Office, "Łapanów Commune", Łapanów 2010, p. 13 9 Paweł Sotoła, "Łapanów and its surroundings. An outline of history. ", Łapanów 2002, p. 226, [in:] Ks. Stanisław Bobulski, "Sobolów. Sanctuary of Our Lady of Grace the Savior from the purges of Purgatory through the Holy Rosary. All Saints' parish in Sobolów ", Sobolów 1990, p. 54 10" Sobolów parish. Historical outline ”, www.sobolow.parafia.info.pl 11 Paweł Sotoła, op. p. 230 12 Folder of the Łapanów Commune Office, op. cit., p. 14 13 Paweł Sotoła, op. cit., p. 237 14 Folder of the Łapanów Commune Office, op. cit., p. 16 15 Paweł Sotoła, op. cit., p. p. 235 16 Folder of the Łapanów Commune Office, op. cit., p. 17 17 Paweł Sotoła, op. cit., p. 23518 Folder of the Łapanów Commune Office, "Renewal Plan of the Łapanów Village", Łapanów 2009 19 Paweł Sotoła op.cit. pp. 220-221 20 Jarosław Nowojowski, "A Great History Hidden in the Forests of Łapanów", www.lapanow.pl (28.07.2009) 21 Grzegorz Statek, "Monuments", www.lapanow.pl (15.02.2007) 22 Wydawnictwo Turystyczne, op.cit., P. 13 23 Jarosław Nowojowski, "A great history hidden in the forests of Łapanów", www.lapanow.pl (28.07.2009) 24 Ibid 25 G. Statek, op. Cit. 26 Wikipedia, "Janusz Kulig", http://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janusz_Kulig 27 Based on a conversation with the author with Mr. Jan Kulig, the head of the commune of Łapanów, on 22.03.2011 in Łapanów 28 Wikipedia, op. cit.